Classic Caesar Salad with Homemade Dressing
Crisp romaine hearts tossed in an authentic emulsion of fresh garlic, anchovy fillets, egg yolk, Dijon mustard, lemon juice, Parmigiano-Reggiano, and golden sourdough croutons.
Invented in Tijuana, Mexico by Italian restaurateur Caesar Cardini in 1924, authentic Caesar Salad has little in common with watery bottled dressings. A true Caesar is an emulsified dressing: fresh garlic and salt mashed into a paste with savory anchovy fillets, emulsified with egg yolk, fresh lemon juice, Dijon mustard, and extra virgin olive oil.
Tossed with ice-cold, bone-dry romaine lettuce hearts that provide audible crunch, freshly baked garlicky sourdough croutons, and generous shavings of Parmigiano-Reggiano, it is the undisputed king of salads.
The dressing coats the leaves in a glossy, savory blanket without wilting them.
Why This Method Works
Garlic & Anchovy Paste Foundation
Mashing garlic with coarse salt creates a smooth paste that dissolves seamlessly into the emulsion without harsh raw chunks.
Slow Oil Emulsification
Whisking olive oil into egg yolk in a thin, continuous drizzle builds a stable, creamy mayonnaise-style emulsion.
Ice-Cold Bone-Dry Romaine
Water on lettuce prevents dressing from clinging and causes sogginess. Thoroughly spun, chilled leaves stay crisp for hours.
Ingredient Notes & Regional Substitutions
Romaine Hearts
Crisp inner leaves of romaine lettuce provide sweet crunch.
Regional naming: Cos lettuce in the UK and Australia.
Substitutions: Little Gem lettuce or kale.
Anchovy Fillets in Olive Oil
Crucial for savory umami; does not make the dressing taste 'fishy'.
Regional naming: Anchovy fillets in olive oil.
Substitutions: 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce or anchovy paste.
Sourdough Bread
Stale rustic sourdough bread torn into irregular bite-sized pieces creates crunchy croutons with great nooks and crannies.
Regional naming: Sourdough bread.
Substitutions: French baguette or ciabatta.
Classic Caesar Salad with Homemade Dressing
Ingredients
- 3 large heads romaine hearts, washed, thoroughly dried, and chopped into bite-sized pieces
- 3 slices rustic sourdough bread, torn into 1-inch pieces (about 3 cups)
- 3 tablespoons olive oil (for croutons)
- 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt
- 4 oil-packed anchovy fillets, finely minced
- 2 medium cloves garlic, finely grated or mashed to paste
- 1 large egg yolk, room temperature
- 2 tablespoons freshly squeezed lemon juice
- 1 teaspoon Dijon mustard
- 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
- 1/2 cup extra-virgin olive oil (or a 50/50 blend with canola)
- 1/2 cup freshly grated Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese (plus shaved parmesan for serving)
- Freshly cracked black pepper, to taste
Instructions
-
Bake Golden Sourdough Croutons
Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C / 170°C fan). Toss torn sourdough pieces on a baking sheet with 3 tablespoons olive oil, garlic powder, and a pinch of salt. Bake for 10 to 12 minutes until deeply golden brown and crunchy throughout. Let cool completely.
Texture Cue Croutons are shatteringly crisp with craggy golden edges. -
Mash Garlic and Anchovies
On a cutting board, mince the anchovies and garlic cloves together. Sprinkle with a pinch of kosher salt and use the flat side of a chef's knife to smear them repeatedly against the board into a smooth paste.
Texture Cue Smooth, uniform savory paste. -
Whisk the Dressing Emulsion
In a medium bowl, whisk together the garlic-anchovy paste, egg yolk, fresh lemon juice, Dijon mustard, and Worcestershire sauce until frothy and smooth. While whisking vigorously, slowly drizzle in the olive oil in a steady, thin stream until a thick, creamy emulsion forms.
Texture Cue Thick, glossy, creamy dressing that coats the back of a spoon. -
Fold in Parmigiano
Whisk in the 1/2 cup finely grated Parmigiano-Reggiano and generous freshly cracked black pepper. Taste and add more lemon juice or salt if needed.
Visual Cue Creamy pale dressing with black pepper flecks. -
Toss Romaine with Dressing
Place thoroughly dried, chilled romaine in a large salad bowl. Drizzle with three-quarters of the dressing and toss gently with clean hands or salad tongs until every leaf is lightly and evenly coated.
Visual Cue Every leaf glistens with dressing without pooling at the bowl bottom. -
Add Croutons and Shaved Cheese
Add the cooled croutons and toss once more. Transfer to a serving platter or plates. Top with wide shaved curls of Parmigiano-Reggiano, extra cracked black pepper, and drizzle with remaining dressing if desired.
Texture Cue Cold, audibly crunchy romaine with rich savory dressing and crisp croutons.
Estimated Nutrition (Per Serving)
Calculated using USDA ingredient data estimates; actual values will vary depending on specific brands.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Recipe Variations
Grilled Chicken Caesar
Top with sliced grilled or pan-seared chicken breasts for a substantial main dish.
Grilled Salmon Caesar
Top with warm crispy-skinned pan-seared salmon fillet.
Serving Suggestions
- Serve as a classic appetizer before steak, pasta, or roasted chicken.
- Pair with warm garlic focaccia and a dry Italian Pinot Grigio.
Storage, Reheating & Freezing Guidance
Refrigeration: Store prepared dressing in a sealed glass jar in the refrigerator for up to 5 days. Keep romaine and croutons separate until serving.
Freezing: Freezing is not possible.
Reheating: Serve cold.